A Blockchain-Orchestrated Green Routing Mechanism for Carbon-Aware Wireless Sensor Network Infrastructures

Abstract

A green routing protocol based on blockchain technology is presented in this paper as a method of enhancing energy efficiency and security for wireless sensor networks. The protocol implements a lightweight blockchain solution combined with an energy-aware routing approach, which will provide secure and optimal routes to deliver data. Nodes are selected using residual energy, trust score and cost of communicating with other nodes. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed green routing protocol results in a 40% increase in overall lifetime and a 26% improvement in packet delivery ratio compared to other routing protocols currently in use. The energy used in these systems has fallen by 31%, with lower routing overhead resulting from optimized route selections. The blockchain layer prevents malicious participants on the network and guarantees data integrity at a low computational cost. In addition, the lightweight consensus mechanism is well-suited to operation in resource-constrained environments. Thus, the end result of this approach is a system that has improved performance (in terms of sustainability, reliability and security) and is therefore a viable option for next-generation wireless sensor networks.