Adaptive Trust-Aware Energy-Efficient Routing Architecture for Resilient Mobile Ad Hoc Networks in Next-Generation IoT Systems

Abstract

As per next-generation IoT systems, Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are becoming main technology because they work without fixed setup. Regarding changing environments, these networks can adapt quickly and operate easily. These networks actually face serious problems like changing structures, limited battery life, and security attacks. They definitely need solutions for these major challenges. To solve these problems, we are introducing a new routing framework called TERRA (Trust-Enabled Resilient Routing Architecture). We are seeing that only this approach can handle the trust issues properly. Further, tERRA uses three main ideas: we are seeing trust-based checking where each device only rates its nearby devices based on how well they send data packets, their power use, and past work; energy-smart path choosing that picks routes to save battery and make the network last longer; and flexible multiple-path routing that keeps backup routes for better reliability and safety. We are seeing that TERRA performs better than other well-known protocols like AODV, DSR, and AOMDV when tested using NS-3 and MATLAB simulations only. Also, the proposed method surely achieved 15-22% better packet delivery ratio and reduced delay by 18%. Moreover, it extended the network lifetime by 20% compared to existing approaches. We are seeing that the trust mechanism is only effective against black hole and wormhole attacks, reaching 92% accuracy in finding harmful nodes. TERRA provides a secure and scalable routing solution that uses less energy, making it suitable for IoT applications. Further, the system itself works well for smart healthcare, disaster response, and intelligent transportation systems.